Encapsulation is the process of breaking a message into packets, adding control and other information, and transmitting the message through the transmission media. You need to know the following five-step data encapsulation process:
1. Upper layers prepare the data to be sent through the network.
2. The Transport layer breaks the data into pieces called segments, adding sequencing and control information.
3. The Network layer converts the segments into packets, adding logical network and device addresses.
4. The Data Link layer converts the packets into frames, adding physical device addressing information.
5. The Physical layer converts the frames into bits for transmission across the transmission media.
The following short descriptions can help you remember the steps of the data encapsulation process:
1. Upper layers--data
2. Transport layer--segments
3. Network layer--packets containing logical addresses
4. Data Link layer--framing that adds physical addresses
5. Physical layer--bits
1. Upper layers prepare the data to be sent through the network.
2. The Transport layer breaks the data into pieces called segments, adding sequencing and control information.
3. The Network layer converts the segments into packets, adding logical network and device addresses.
4. The Data Link layer converts the packets into frames, adding physical device addressing information.
5. The Physical layer converts the frames into bits for transmission across the transmission media.
The following short descriptions can help you remember the steps of the data encapsulation process:
1. Upper layers--data
2. Transport layer--segments
3. Network layer--packets containing logical addresses
4. Data Link layer--framing that adds physical addresses
5. Physical layer--bits
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