Booting Process OF a Router.

        It is often asked in interview " Tell the  booting process OF A router ." So following are the steps we should follow .
When you turn the router on, it runs through the following boot process.
1. The Power-On Self Test (POST) checks the router's hardware. When the POST completessuccessfully, the System OK LED indicator comes on.
2. The router checks the configuration register to identify where to load the IOS image from.
A setting of 0x2102 means that the router will use information in the startup-config file to locate the IOS image. If the startup-config file is missing or does not specify a location, it will check the following locations for the IOS image:
    1. Flash (the default location)
    2. TFTP server
    3. ROM (used if no other source is found)
3. The router loads the configuration file into RAM (which configures the router). The router can load a configuration file from:
    1. NVRAM (startup-configuration file)
    2. TFTP server
    3. If a configuration file is not found, the router starts in setup mode.

Anyone can find the  answers of the following questions from the above process

1.     If the router can't find an IOS image in flash, where will it look next?
2.     What happens if the router can't find a configuration file at startup?
3.     What is the role of the configuration register?
4.     What configuration register value tells the router to skip the startup-config file?

Enjoy the questions

Benefits Of Microsoft Certification ( MCP, MCSA,MCSE etc )

There are 8 million IT jobs around the world today. The number of IT job postings in the cloud computing industry is growing so rapidly that there aren’t enough qualified workers available to fill the positions, according to an analysis of hiring trends by Wanted Analytics.

IDC research projects that, for cloud computing, availability of skilled IT workers will be a persistent and pervasive challenge—there is no area of the IT organization that will be unaffected by a transition to cloud computing.

We’re here to help put your resume on the top of the pile for IT jobs. Use the handy tool below to view some job listings around the world. If you are a Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP), access the MCP member site to view a list of job opportunities filtered specifically for MCPs.

If you’re thinking of getting certified as part of your IT job search but wondering whether it’s worth the effort, have a look at what IT professionals who have earned a variety of Microsoft Certifications have to say

 Source : http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en-us/explore-jobs.aspx

Benebenefits of subnetting

1. We conserved IP addresses by assigning less hosts per sub net.
2. We get smaller collision domains — the collisions happened in one sub net won’t effect other sub nets.
3. We get smaller broadcast domains — the broadcast from one subnet won’t propagate to other sub nets.
4. We can more easily apply network security measures at the interconnections between subnets than throughout the entire network.
5. We can easily map sub nets to geographical or functional requirements to a cooperation. For example, we give a sub net to market department, another to engineer department, so that each department is responsible for their own network.
6. It reduces the routing table .
7. It control ip traffic and performance increased.

CCNA Certification Benefits and Tips for Becoming Certified

The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) represents a beginner-level certification offered by Cisco that focuses on building a foundation in networking using Cisco technologies and products. The CCNA certification is suitable for individuals who want to build a solid, stable career in networking domain using Cisco products.

Although the CCNA certification is only a beginner-level certification, it still attracts a series of benefits for the certification holder: validates one's specific technical skills, considerably increasing the possessor's professional credibility - persons who have obtained the CCNA certification have better prospects of occupying stable job positions inside renowned, reputed IT companies; is an indicator of expertise in working with networks that have fewer than 100 nodes - validates one's ability to work in small and medium sized businesses and organizations that use less extensive networks; represents a prerequisite for obtaining higher level Cisco certifications - individuals who are interested in obtaining a professional or expert level in the Cisco Career Certification tracks need to obtain the CCNA certification first.

Individuals who have obtained the CCNA certification have proved good skills and experience in installing, configuring and operating LAN, WAN and dial access services for networks that have fewer than 100 nodes; using IP, EIGRP, OSPF , Serial, Frame Relay, VLANs, RIP, IP RIP, Access Lists and Ethernet network protocols; installing and configuring various Cisco switches and routers in internetworks which use multiple protocols and have LAN and WAN interfaces; ensuring network performance and security; providing beginner level network troubleshooting services.

Windows Server 2012 Editions and Their Functionality .

                                                               

Windows Server 2012 Editions and Their Functionality

Windows Server 2012 comes with many editions. These editions allow organizations to select a version of Windows Server 2012 that best meets their needs, rather than pay for features they do not require.

When deploying a server for a specific role, systems administrators can save substantially by selecting the appropriate edition

The following table lists the Windows Server 2012 editions.

1. The Windows Server 2012 Standard operating system :

            Provides all roles and features available on the Windows Server 2012 platform. Supports up to 64 sockets and up to 4 terabytes (TB) of random access memory (RAM). Includes two virtual machine licenses.

2. The Windows Server 2012 Datacenter operating system :

            Provides all roles and features that are available on the Windows Server 2012 platform. Includes unlimited virtual machine licenses for virtual machines that are run on the same hardware. Supports 64 sockets, up to 640 processor cores, and up to 4 TB of RAM.

3. The Windows Server 2012 Foundation operating system :

            Designed for small business owners, allows only 15 users, cannot be joined to a domain, and includes limited server roles. Supports one processor core and up to 32 gigabytes (GB) of RAM.

4. The Windows Server 2012 Essentials operating system :

            Next edition of Small Business Server. Must be root server in domain. It cannot function as a Hyper-V®, Failover Clustering, Server Core, or Remote Desktop Services server. It has limits for 25 users and 50 devices. Supports two processor cores and 64 GB of RAM.

5. Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012 :

            Stand-alone Hyper-V platform for virtual machines with no UI. No licensing cost (free) for host operating system, but virtual machines are licensed normally. Supports 64 sockets and 4 TB of RAM. Supports domain join. Does not support other Windows Server 2012 roles other than limited file services features.

6. The Windows Storage Server°2012 Workgroup operating system :

            Entry-level unified storage appliance. Limited to 50 users, one processor core, 32 GB of RAM. Supports domain join.

7. The Windows Storage Server 2012 Standard operating system:

            Supports 64 sockets, but is licensed on a two-socket incrementing basis. Supports 4 TB of RAM. Includes two virtual machine licenses.Supports domain join. Supports some roles including DNS and DHCP Server roles, but does not support others including Active Directory® Domain Services (AD DS), Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS), and Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS).

8. The Windows MultiPoint Server 2012 Standard operating system:

            Supports multiple users accessing the same host computer directly using separate mouse, keyboard, and monitors. Limited to one socket, 32 GB of RAM, and a maximum of 12 sessions. Supports some roles including DNS and DHCP Server roles, but does not support others including AD DS, AD CS, and AD FS. Does not support domain join.

9. The Windows MultiPoint Server 2012 Premium operating system:

            Supports multiple users accessing the same host computer directly using separate mouse, keyboard, and monitors. Limited to two sockets, 4 TB of RAM, and a maximum of 22 sessions. Supports some roles including DNS and DHCP Server roles, but does not support others including AD DS, AD CS, and AD FS. Supports domain join.

  Understanding the 2012 server is very important for IT Administrator to secure network. Let start to learn 2012 server.

Installing Active Directory On 2012 Server R2 ( Step by Step )

I am going to show you how to install Active Directory in 2012 Server R2. Before Installing the AD we should prepare the Server OS for AD.
First we have to fulfill the following requirements for installing AD.
1. Prepare The Server OS ( 2012 ServerR2  )
2. Change the computer name from default to Any Name such as 2k12R2

3. Configure a valid IP address ( Any Class  Private IP -A,B and C Class )
4. Install DNS ( DNS is the backbone Of AD - If DNS is stable Then AD is Stable ). AD should be stable  as it is a brain of every company  )
5. Systems Partition Should be NTFS ( It can be any Drive C:, D: )
6. At least   250 Free space should be Available for the database .
           After verifying all these requirements . Follow the wizards as DCpromo is not work here. Just open Add role wizard and follow it step by step.
1.Select Manage -click Add Roles and Features as

2. Click Next for next wizard-here check the Role based options and next

3.It will ask you to choose the server . Just select the default server and next

 4.In this wizard  -check the box for Active Directory Domain services and go for next

5.Just Next

6.Next

7.Again Next

8.Next and wait for while

9.Once it finished it will ask you to install or promote the server as Domain Controller

10. Now Just click on  Promote this server as  domain Controller  and follow the wizard and select the button ADD a new Forest and next

11.Here select the domain and Forest functional level I have select it as 2012R2 and next

12.And Give AD Installation Passwords and next

13.It will show you the DNS Options just  read it and select next

14.Next and go ahead

15.It will show you the database location. You can change it as you wish and next

16. Now you can check all the information you provided and click for Install

17. First it will check all the prerequisite and prompt you as  

18. After checking all the Prerequisite then start to install

 19. Wait for 5-7 minutes will prepare your AD and Reboots automatically.
20. Now log on to AD domain and Open AD by using command dsa.msc . It will open AD Console such as 

    In this way we can install Active Directory in Server 2012R2.
Enjoy AD in 2012R2 with features and many more.
Thanks

Step By step Guide For Installing Microsoft Exchange 2013 on 2012 server

Step By step Guide For Installing Microsoft Exchange 2013 on 2012 server

1. Install  2012 server in VMware Workstation/ Microsoft VPC/ Oracle Virtual box.

2.  After fulfilling Active Directory  Requirement . Install Active Directory by using server manager console.

            I have created a domain name Microsoft. local and machine name is Ex

            So My FQDN is  ex.microsoft.local

3.  Now install   Pre-requisite for Exchange 2013

4. Open Power Shell and run the following script  

re AS-HTTP-Activation, Desktop-Experience, NET-Framework-45-Features, RPC-over-HTTP-proxy, RSAT-Clustering, RSAT-Clustering-CmdInterface, Web-Mgmt-Console, WAS-Process-Model, Web-Asp-Net45, Web-Basic-Auth, Web-Client-Auth, Web-Digest-Auth, Web-Dir-Browsing, Web-Dyn-Compression, Web-Http-Errors, Web-Http-Logging, Web-Http-Redirect, Web-Http-Tracing, Web-ISAPI-Ext, Web-ISAPI-Filter, Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console, Web-Metabase, Web-Mgmt-Console, Web-Mgmt-Service, Web-Net-Ext45, Web-Request-Monitor, Web-Server, Web-Stat-compression, Web-Static-Content, Web-Windows-Auth, Web-WMI, Windows-Identity-Foundation

 It looks like

 It will start to install all the necessary services  such as

Once it finished it will prompt for rebooting the systems  such as

5.  Now Install

1. Microsoft Office 2010 Filter Pack 64 bit
2. Microsoft Office 2010 Filter Pack SP1 64 bit

It looks like

Click next

Select Agreement and click next

So we have installed Microsoft Office Filter pack for exchange .
After Installing Office filter pack we have to install one more plugin that is
Unified Communications Managed API 4.0 Runtime
It looks like

Once you click the software package It will start to install like

Then Click next

Again Click Next and finish it.

We have installed all the necessary requirements for Exchange 2013. Now we are moving towards Exchange setup. First extract all the exchange 2013  setup files from downloaded exchange 2013 such as

Now we extracted all the files in folder called Ex and run the setup file such as 

Just follow the wizard as

Click next and next wizard will appeared as

Again next

Once it finished then Installation phase will be started such as

Just next

Accept License Agreement and select next

Here select Use Recommended Settings and click next

Now Check the Roles such as Mailbox Role and client Access Role and click next

And choose  the database location  I have choose it as default. and click next

Let it be default name or we can change it and click next

Check yes Button and next

It is checking per-requisite configuration and it will generate some warning. Just ignore it and go for install

It will started to install Exchange Server 2013 . There are 15 steps . After completing 15 steps Exchange 2013 is ready .

Now we can send and received  mail from users.

Thanks
Enjoy Exchange 2013.